![]() Its operating system was aptly named Prologue. It weighed 12 kg and its dimensions were 45 × 45 × 15 cm. It was equipped with a central 64 KB RAM, a keyboard with 58 alphanumeric keys and 11 numeric keys (separate blocks), a 32-character screen, a floppy disk: capacity = 140,000 characters, of a thermal printer: speed = 28 characters / second, an asynchronous channel, asynchronous channel, a 220 V power supply. It was based on an Intel 8085 processor, 8-bit, clocked at 2 MHz. It was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of R2E Micral at the request of the company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. ![]() The portable micro computer Portal of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. It was described as a "laptop" and "notebook" computer in its patent. It had an LCD screen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer, in a 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) chassis, the size of an A4 notebook. The first "laptop-sized notebook computer" was the Epson HX-20, invented (patented) by Suwa Seikosha's Yukio Yokozawa in July 1980, introduced at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas by Japanese company Seiko Epson in 1981, and released in July 1982. The Epson HX-20, the first "laptop computer", was invented in 1980 and introduced in 1981Īs 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables increased rapidly. As portable computers evolved into modern laptops, they became widely used for a variety of purposes. ![]() Portable computers, which later developed into modern laptops, were originally considered to be a small niche market, mostly for specialized field applications, such as in the military, for accountants, or traveling sales representatives. Examples of specialized models of laptops include rugged notebooks for use in construction or military applications, as well as low-production-cost laptops such as those from the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) organization, which incorporate features like solar charging and semi-flexible components not found on most laptop computers. Hardware specifications may vary significantly between different types, models, and price points.ĭesign elements, form factors, and construction can also vary significantly between models depending on the intended use. Laptops can be powered by an internal battery or an external power supply by using an AC adapter. Most modern laptops include a built-in webcam and microphone, and many also have a touchscreen. Laptops combine many of the input/output components and capabilities of a desktop computer into a single unit, including a display screen, small speakers, a keyboard, and a pointing device (such as a touch pad or pointing stick). Although the term " notebook" originally referred to a specific size of laptop (originally smaller and lighter than mainstream laptops of the time), the term has come to mean the same thing and no longer refers to any specific size. As of 2022, in American English, the terms " laptop" and " notebook" are used interchangeably in other dialects of English, one or the other may be preferred. ![]() The names " laptop" and " notebook" refer to the fact that the computer can be practically placed on (or on top of) the user's lap and can be used similarly to a notebook. Today, laptops are used in a variety of settings, such as at work (especially on business trips), in education, for playing games, web browsing, for personal multimedia, and for general home computer use. Laptops run on both an AC power supply and a rechargeable battery pack and can be folded shut for convenient storage and transportation, making them suitable for mobile use. In most cases, unlike tablet computers which run on mobile operating systems, laptops tend to run on desktop operating systems which have been traditionally associated with desktop computers. Most of the computer's internal hardware is fitted inside the lower lid enclosure under the keyboard, although many laptops have a built-in webcam at the top of the screen and some modern ones even feature a touch-screen display. Laptops typically have a clamshell form factor with a flat panel screen (usually 11–17 in or 280–430 mm in diagonal size) on the inside of the upper lid and an alphanumeric keyboard and pointing device (such as a trackpad and/or trackpoint) on the inside of the lower lid, although 2-in-1 PCs with a detachable keyboard are often marketed as laptops or as having a "laptop mode". a 2019 Microsoft Surface Pro 7 with detachable hinge (left) and a 2018 Dell with 360 degree hinge (right) a 2014 ThinkPad Helix by Lenovo with detachable screen and a 2014 Acer Chromebook 11Ī laptop computer or notebook computer, also known as a laptop or notebook for short, is a small, portable personal computer (PC). Clockwise from top left: A 2021 MacBook Pro by Apple Inc.
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